>> Bernanke Created Half of 234 Years’ Worth of Money Supply

From the BigPicture:

“The U.S. turned 234 years old yesterday, and yet over half of the nation’s money supply was created since Helicopter Ben took over the flight controls four years ago. No wonder gold is in a full fledged bull market . . .”

-David A. Rosenberg Chief Economist & Strategist
Gluskin Sheff + Associates Inc.

>> Greenspan's $900Billion Survival Formula

Most people are familiar with the sub-prime mortgage crisis. Reader's of this blog have had a humorous look in previous posts:

• >> Dogbert the CEO : Risky Mortgages & Ponzi Schemes

• >> Subprime Mortgage Primer in Pictures

For a more serious look, see this previous post about Bear Stearn's collapse:

• >> Crash Chronicle : The Fall of Bear Stearns

One the problem started, the finger pointing followed not too long after. Lets take a look into a brief history and the solution proposed by Alan Greenspan, who many believe was the chief architect of this crisis.

The Greenspan Put
Once the subprime mortgage meltdown started, there was a lot of "passing the buck" about who was at fault. Greenspan soon became the person most blamed for the crisis:

- Greenspan legacy: erosion of US financial strength , key comments:

• Since Alan Greenspan took office as Fed chairman, it has taken an average of $3.60 of debt growth to generate $1 of nominal gross domestic product growth versus a long-term average of approximately $1.5 to $1.
  

- Reid: It's Greenspan's Fault , key comments:

• Reid's office pointed out that the Fed started to see deterioration in the credit market back in 2003 and 2004, but didn't warn lenders off using the "non traditional mortgages" seen as precursors of what is now a credit crisis until December of 2005, shortly before Greenspan resigned.

But isnt this really a what the Greenspan's put has been all about?
[ Note: The Greenspan put really means that the Fed's monetary policy allowed higher risk taking, becoming a form of privitazing profits and socializing losses ]

For more discussion about Greenspan's "contribution" to the real estate bust such as this chart below, see here:




Greenspan's 1500 word article in the Wall St. Journal

Greenspan, the former Chairman of the Federal Reserve for 19 years, finally spoke out:
- Greenspan's 1500 word op-ed piece in the Wall St. Journal in March 2009: The Fed Didn't Cause the Housing Bubble . Key comments:

• Alan says "Accelerating the path of monetary tightening that the Fed pursued in 2004-2005 could not have "prevented" the housing bubble."
• Its all China's fault! Alan says"As I noted on this page in December 2007, the presumptive cause of the world-wide decline in long-term rates was the tectonic shift in the early 1990s by much of the developing world from heavy emphasis on central planning to increasingly dynamic, export-led market competition. The result was a surge in growth in China and a large number of other emerging market economies that led to an excess of global intended savings relative to intended capital investment. That ex ante excess of savings propelled global long-term interest rates progressively lower between early 2000 and 2005."
  

Greenspan's $900 Billion Survival Formula @ Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) is a ten-member commission appointed by the United States government with the goal of investigating the causes of the financial crisis of 2007–2010.

Quoting Greenspan from his testimony to the FCIC on 7th April 2010"
- "I believe that during the past 18 months, there were very few instances of serial default and contagion that could have not been contained by adequate risk-based capital and liquidity. I presume, for example, that with 15% tangible equity capital, neither Bear Stearns nor Lehman Brothers would have been in trouble"

[ Tangible common equity is defined as total shareholder equity minus preferred stock, goodwill and other intangibles.]

Rolfe Winkler explains how this will help: "A bigger equity cushion not only buffers bank creditors from losses — preventing cascading bank runs — it by definition would reduce frothy lending that inflates bubbles in the first place."

Extrapolating the 15% TCE requirement to major US Banks, $869 billion would need to raised:

Nearly $900 billion more to be raised is certainly not feasible. Greenspan also explains why 15% TCE would not be too popular:"Increased capital, I might add parenthetically, would also likely result in smaller executive compensation packages, since more capital would have to be retained in undistributed earnings."

In other words, smaller bonuses.

Credits / Further Reading:
- TCE shortfall Image courtesy Rolfe Winkler at Reuters
- Greenspan's testimony to FCIC available here
- Video of Greenspan's testimony available here

>> The real dollar story

The dollar has been in news in the last few months, with a lot of people calling out saying "the dollar is dead" and "lets have a new reserve currency". So far:


The Dollar's Days are over?
(1) Reuters says Dollar to eventually lose grip on commodity trade

(2) The Independent had news about a "profound" financial change in recent Middle East history wherein Gulf Arabs are planning – along with China, Russia, Japan and France – to end dollar dealings for oil, moving instead to a basket of currencies including the Japanese yen and Chinese yuan, the euro, gold and a new, unified currency planned for nations in the Gulf Co-operation Council, including Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait and Qatar. Read more here

(3) Financial Express says gulf states considering dollar alternative for oil trade, gold jumps

(4) Even the UN says the world should ditch the dollar!


The China Perspective
(1) China not happy with the US Dollar, wants an alternative to the dollar

(2) China is also is not happy with the probable fall in the dollar!
Mike Pettis is one of the world's top economist's, and to quote him: "The Chinese are worrying about future weakness in the dollar (which hurts their reserves) while complaining about current strength (which hurts exports)!"

Here is an excerpt of a comment from Mike Pettis on why it is improbable that the Dollar will not be removed from the status of a reserve currency:
""There has been for decades talk about creating an international reserve currency and it has never really progressed," said Michael Pettis, a finance professor at Peking University's Guanghua School of Management. Managing such a currency would require balancing the contradictory needs of countries with high and low growth or with trade surpluses or deficits, Pettis said. He said the 16 European nations that use the euro have faced "huge difficulties" in managing monetary policy even though their economies are similar. "It's hard for me to imagine how it's going to be easier for the world to have a common currency for trade," he said"


Will the Fed save the dollar?
Earlier this year:
(1) On March 19th this year, the 'Rambo' Fed, determined to avoid a repeat of the great depression committed to buy as much as $300 billion of long-term Treasuries and more than double mortgage-debt purchases to $1.45 trillion. This may more than double the Fed’s balance-sheet assets by September to $4.5 trillion from $1.9 trillion! Bye-bye dollar?

(2) Also earlier this year, the Fed agreed to currency swaps earlier in the year: From this bloomberg article:
""The Federal Reserve and four other central banks announced a currency swap arrangement that will give the U.S. central bank access to as much as $285 billion in euros, yen, British pounds and Swiss francs. ""

The official purpose of such short-term agreements is to finance short-term capital flows; but swap agreements can also be misused to facilitate large interventions in foreign exchange markets. Is this the reason behind this act?

This of course has been tried before, from 1936 to the present the Exchange Stabilization Fund has participated in over a hundred credit or loan arrangements with foreign governments or central banks. What did this attempt to prop the dollar lead to? Here's what happened - the treasury was subsequently forced to issue foreign currency-denominated debt (The Roosa bonds in the 1960s and Carter bonds in 1978) to repay swap drawings.

Here are the details from the Dept. of Treasury website.

{ Recommended reading: A very good article describing this entire chain of events in detail: Fed tries to boost the dollar. }



Putting the Dollar's fall & Gold's spike this week into perspective
Oct 6, 2009: The Independent reported about a dollar alternative to set the value of oil trades. This set in motion the immediate fall of the dollar and a jump in the price of gold.

This was then officially denied by several sources.

Oct 8, 2009: Asian central banks intervened heavily in the currency markets on Thursday to stem the appreciation of their currencies against the US dollar amid fears that their exports could be losing ground against China. More detail here.

Meanwhile, Tyler Durden speculates that there could be a potential deal between US & China to let the dollar slide more slowly, more here.

Or could this all really be an organized short on the dollar? Soros had made $1 billion in 1 trade shorting the British pound in the 1990s, so the possibility remains that someone had an interest in the dollar falling; we shall know with time.


Conclusion - So What is the Dollar story?
We started out with news about calls to replace the dollar with another reserve currency. We also saw that several parties have both short-term as well as long-term interests in the fall of the dollar.

My opinion is that the calls for replacement of the dollar as the reserve currency is noise which will die out with time, there seems to be a low probability of that happening. Meanwhile I expect a slow slide in the dollar, coupled with deflation that has started to continue for some time to come.

( Why deflation? Thats a discussion for some other time :-) )

>> Bernanke about the Great Depression - We did it

Here are the words of Ben Bernanke at the Conference to Honor Milton Friedman at University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois on November 8, 2002:

" Let me end my talk by abusing slightly my status as an official representative of the Federal Reserve. I would like to say to Milton and Anna: Regarding the Great Depression. You're right, we did it. We're very sorry. But thanks to you, we won't do it again. "

Thats right. Bernanke himself said that the Fed indeed "created" the great depression.

Continue reading here

>> Fiat Currencies in motion

Major governments have been printing money over the last few months. Lets take a peek into what this is doing to the major currencies.

(I) British Pound
FXB (CurrencyShares British Pound Sterling Trust ETF) has fallen dramatically in the last few months, here is the all-revealing chart-
















(II) Japanese Yen
FXY(CurrencyShares Japanese Yen Trust ETF), meanwhile, has been on a

















(III) US Dollar

Both the UUP(PowerShares DB US Dollar Index Bullish Fund) as well as UDN(PowerShares DB US Dollar Index Bearish Fund) are at an interesting juncture.

It wouldnt be fair not to look at the $USD chart :) -

There has been a flight to the dollar despite the "weak fundamentals", however this may continue for longer than one thinks. It would be prudent to keep an eye on these charts to keep on top of an impending change in trend, short-term or long-term.

Finally, the picture is more interesting when looking at what gold does in conjunction with the USD. Take a peek into that is an older blog post : >> Gold Makes a Move - Short Term Trade?

>> Last gasp of a doomed currency

In the latest example of financial market madness, the recent government “bailout” of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae has perversely resulted in a sharp rise in the value of the U.S. dollar. If the markets were functioning rationally, the transference of staggering new liabilities to the U.S. Treasury would have been immediately seen as catastrophic for the dollar. Instead the markets have ignored the obviously negative long-term implications and have remained fixated on the more immediate effects. However, rather than solving the problems, the government’s actions merely confirm my worst fears, and increase the chances for a hyper-inflationary outcome.

By transforming $5.5 trillion of suspect mortgage-backed securities into seemingly bullet-proof Treasury bonds, the move has sparked a relief rally in the dollar as foreign investors no longer have to worry about defaults or markdowns. In fact, to holders of Fannie and Freddie debt, it no longer matters what happens to the housing market. Home prices can drop another 50%, every single homeowner can default on their mortgage, and bond holders will not lose one dime. This has emboldened foreign investors, and temporarily increased demand for both dollars and Freddie and Fannie debt.

Continue reading Peter Schiff’s commentary on the bailout of Freddie and Fannie>>